Structure
Quranic Grammar
Essential Arabic grammar explained with Quranic examples. No linguistics degree required.
Independent Pronouns (الضمائر المنفصلة)
Used as subjects in sentences
أَنَا
anā
I (1st person singular)
نَحْنُ
naḥnu
We (1st person plural)
أَنْتَ
anta
You (2nd person masculine singular)
أَنْتِ
anti
You (2nd person feminine singular)
أَنْتُمْ
antum
You (2nd person masculine plural)
أَنْتُنَّ
antunna
You (2nd person feminine plural)
هُوَ
huwa
He/It (3rd person masculine singular)
هِيَ
hiya
She/It (3rd person feminine singular)
هُمْ
hum
They (3rd person masculine plural)
هُنَّ
hunna
They (3rd person feminine plural)
Demonstrative Pronouns (أسماء الإشارة)
This, that, these, those
هَذَا
hādhā
This (masculine)
هَذِهِ
hādhihi
This (feminine)
ذَلِكَ
dhālika
That (masculine)
تِلْكَ
tilka
That (feminine)
هَؤُلَاءِ
hā'ulā'i
These (plural)
أُولَئِكَ
ulā'ika
Those (plural)
Relative Pronouns (الأسماء الموصولة)
Who, which, that
الَّذِي
alladhī
Who/which/that (masc. sing.)
الَّتِي
allatī
Who/which/that (fem. sing.)
الَّذِينَ
alladhīna
Who/which/that (masc. plural)
اللَّاتِي
allātī
Who/which/that (fem. plural)
Question Pronouns (أسماء الاستفهام)
Who, what, where, when, how
مَنْ
man
Who?
مَا / مَاذَا
mā / mādhā
What?
أَيْنَ
ayna
Where?
مَتَى
matā
When?
كَيْفَ
kayfa
How?
لِمَاذَا
limādhā
Why?
كَمْ
kam
How many/much?
هَلْ / أَ
hal / a
Yes/no question particle
Key Prepositions (حروف الجر)
Essential prepositions with attached pronouns
فِي
fī
in, at, among
عَلَى
'alā
on, upon, over
مِنْ
min
from, of, among
إِلَى
ilā
to, towards, until
عَنْ
'an
from, about, away from
مَعَ
ma'a
with, together with
بِ
bi
by, with, in (prefixed)
لِ
li
for, to, belonging to (prefixed)